If I have a PersistentVolume with the source of HostPath, can I access those from the MacOS side?

Normally not, unless it points to a path mapped from the host into the VM, i.e. something under your home directory or

/tmp/rancher-desktop

Here's a tutorial I wrote from trying to do the same thing https://itnext.io/simplest-basic-k8s-tutorial-to-mount-local-host-directory-into-a-pod-volume-example-with-rancher-18b4f1d75cd9