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can i mount on my harvester node a file in the mount point

/home/rancher/.ssh/authorized_keys

?

You can simply copy the keys to the nodes. They are not overwritten by the one in /oem/90_custom.yaml. But any key there is added again after a reboot, so you might replace it there too.

if you simply copy the keys over, won't the node start a rollback because its not in the desired state?

Harvester (or MicroOS) does not behave like this. It's only reconceiling the state while booting. And unfortunately it is not consistent (and documented) which values from /oem/90_custom.yaml are reconceiled. Some are, and overwrite existing files or configs, others don't. The ssh key from 90_custom.yaml is simply added to the authorized_keys file of the rancher user. Other old keys stay there. You need to remove them manually, and also replace them in 90_custom.yaml, otherweise they are added after next boot again. Something similar to

yq -i '.stages.network.[0].authorized_keys.rancher.[0] = \"$(cat "ssh-key.pub")\"' /oem/90_custom.yaml