Not sure if it will help or not, but when I ran into a similar issue, it was because I did not chain my certificate properly. I used an online SSL checker (e.g.
https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/) to help me get it properly chained. After correcting the certificate chain and re-applying it, downstream clusters re-joined the Rancher manager instance on their own.
This might not be your issue, but it helped me in the past.