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I am starting the service with:

/usr/local/bin/k3s \
    server \
        '--snapshotter=overlayfs' \
	'--disable=traefik' \
        '--flannel-iface=end1' \
	'--cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16' \
	'--service-cidr=10.43.0.0/16' \
	'--node-ip=10.0.1.234'

is your kernel missing overlayfs support?

I just solved it: a kernel upgrade didn’t update

/boot

correctly. Problem now solved.

huh weird. not sure why anything would be looking at /boot but ok