This message was deleted.

Answering my own question now: This syntax seems to work:

-v //var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock

Demonstrating docker-in-docker on Windows:

docker run --rm -it -v //var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock docker /bin/sh 
/ # docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                              COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
0fa940bf34fd   docker                             "dockerd-entrypoint.…"   3 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds   2375-2376/tcp                               recursing_chebyshev
eb8cc7373b98   <http://ghcr.io/opendevin/opendevin:main|ghcr.io/opendevin/opendevin:main>   "uvicorn opendevin.s…"   8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes   0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp, :::3000->3000/tcp   wizardly_ramanujan
5999e149e625   edc812b8e25d                       "entry"                  23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_lb-tcp-443_svclb-traefik-faa008b9-5fdhb_kube-system_5a9d2078-aee7-4c6b-a083-b3361c3a817a_3
e73b31f2dbd1   edc812b8e25d                       "entry"                  23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_lb-tcp-80_svclb-traefik-faa008b9-5fdhb_kube-system_5a9d2078-aee7-4c6b-a083-b3361c3a817a_3
367ea9026ab5   b9a5a1927366                       "/metrics-server --c…"   23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_metrics-server_metrics-server-54fd9b65b-5vz4w_kube-system_eceee8bc-b234-4e9e-8c53-5b57ef01aed6_4
ba455430f639   c54dcef6214c                       "local-path-provisio…"   23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_local-path-provisioner_local-path-provisioner-6c86858495-v9brd_kube-system_b0402e7c-7fc2-4aca-9134-bee586fe3e4f_4
2bcdfa4ad7cb   cc365cbb0397                       "/entrypoint.sh --gl…"   23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_traefik_traefik-f4564c4f4-nqhpt_kube-system_9085b6f9-e868-49c2-95c3-30c7aa051027_3
5b19a7258398   ead0a4a53df8                       "/coredns -conf /etc…"   23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_coredns_coredns-6799fbcd5-jflwk_kube-system_e754c98d-62f1-4f89-ab26-9ebfbe008a96_3
d0d653c711eb   rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6         "/pause"                 23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_POD_metrics-server-54fd9b65b-5vz4w_kube-system_eceee8bc-b234-4e9e-8c53-5b57ef01aed6_6
4ac07440b20f   rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6         "/pause"                 23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_POD_svclb-traefik-faa008b9-5fdhb_kube-system_5a9d2078-aee7-4c6b-a083-b3361c3a817a_6
47ee50ea2201   rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6         "/pause"                 23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_POD_local-path-provisioner-6c86858495-v9brd_kube-system_b0402e7c-7fc2-4aca-9134-bee586fe3e4f_6
940be8475fef   rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6         "/pause"                 23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_POD_traefik-f4564c4f4-nqhpt_kube-system_9085b6f9-e868-49c2-95c3-30c7aa051027_6
1ce9257607e8   rancher/mirrored-pause:3.6         "/pause"                 23 hours ago    Up 23 hours                                                k8s_POD_coredns-6799fbcd5-jflwk_kube-system_e754c98d-62f1-4f89-ab26-9ebfbe008a96_6