Hi Dima - I wanted to ask a quick question because I ran into a similar issue before. Does the VM name in vsphere match the hostname of the node?
As for the cloudbase-init issues you are running into, I would suggest building templates with using packer with this:
https://github.com/vmware-samples/packer-examples-for-vsphere it should have mostly everything you need and you can modify where needed. (adding a step to install containers should be all you need as a prereq.